Types of iron ore and their composition book

Cast iron is produced by smelting ironcarbon alloys that have a carbon content greater than 2%. Approximate chemical composition, in percent, of directship ping ore and concentrates. So, both are somehow related to iron in their composition. Banded iron formation bif is the principal source of iron. Pig iron is the product of smelting iron ore also ilmenite with a highcarbon fuel and reductant such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux. Through a fortunate coincidence carbon, the element used to reduce iron ore, forms a very useful alloy with iron. There are also differences in compositioncast iron contains 24%. Bif is a rock type composed of alternating silica and ironrich bands. Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. Varieties of schists and gneisses are subdivided on the basis of their mineral composition, which is determined largely by the composition of the original rock, the grade or intensity of metamorphism, and the kinds of chemical substances either removed or introduced during metamorphism. Banded iron formation is economically among the most important rock types as our society is heavily reliant on iron, which is mostly extracted from this rock.

But what is iron, where does it come from and how do we get it. If it is a meteorite you will be happy that you did as little damage as. The quality of this iron ore was evaluated to establish its suitability to serve as a raw material for iron production. This is why we do not find pure iron in the earths crust. Because of its high iron content, hematite ore must undergo only a simple crushing. Hematite ore is a directshipping ore with naturally high iron content. Table 2 typical chemical analysis of different types of ores. Geological controls on highgrade iron ores from kiriburu.

Understanding the origins and uses of ironrich soil will help you make decisions about planting and building with or on the ruddy claylike soil. Hematite hematite gets its name from the greek word for blood, haima, because of its reddish color. May 23, 2012 another example, the ore seen as poor ore with low iron content in the past can rich the iron composition by todays technology. This chapter presents the mineralogical, chemical compositional, and physical characteristics of the main types of iron ore deposits mined from around the world. The success of almost every industrial enterprise depends upon the extensive and efficient use of machinery and other economic equipment made wholly or in part from iron and its alloys. The study aimed at investigating the chemical composition and microstructure of raw iron ore from the deposits in muko area southwestern uganda. Cones with different oxide composition are placed in sequence of their melting temperature alongside a row of refractory bricks in a furnace.

Introduction to types and identification of metal topics 1. The common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke. This is one of the types of iron ore that has very high iron content, and although the iron content of hematite itself is lower. A wide variety of types of iron ore options are available to you, such as fines powder, mine. Ironrich soils are so named for their high content of iron mineral deposits, and their nutrient composition impacts their ability to be cultivated to support plant life. It also has such a high melting point that it cannot easily be shaped by casting.

Mineralogical characteristics of iron ores in joda and khondbond. Instead it is found as an ore, in which iron is chemically combined with oxygen or other nonmetals. Ore textural types are the building blocks of ore bodies. Australia is the third largest iron ore producing country in the world. Among them, brazil, venezuela, chile and argentina in s. The relative preference for different ore types depends on market conditions, and the differentials between the various iron ore indices are very dynamic.

Classification of ore deposits slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The rock beneath the earths surface is sometimes heated to high enough temperatures that it melts to create. Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with coke, usually with limestone as a flux. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey. The materials, without the gypsum, are proportioned to produce a mixture with the desired chemical composition and then ground and blended by one of two processes. The different types of additives used for the composition of iron ore pellets by the companies to reduce production costs without harming product quality was discussed.

Igneous rocks form from the cooling and hardening of molten magma in many different environments. While weaving together labor, business, and technological history, iron will details how clevelandcliffs has survived over 160 years by adapting to changing and challenging economic conditions. Pure iron is too soft and reactive to be of much real use, so most of the iron we tend to use for everyday purposes is actually in the form of iron alloys. Samples were taken from the six hills of muko ore deposits and tests carried out to establish their composition and properties. Iron is produced by converting iron ore to pig iron using a blast furnace. The variety of limonite known as bog iron ore forms in. This page looks at the use of the blast furnace in the extraction of iron from iron ore, and the conversion of the raw iron from the furnace into various kinds of steel. Iron ore iron is a moderately reactive metal which joins readily with nonmetals such as oxygen. The major rock types mined for the production of metallic iron are massive hematite, pisolitic goethitelimonite, which provide a highgrade ore, and banded metasedimentary ironstone, magnetiterich metasomatite, to a much lesser degree, rocks rich in siderite, rocks rich in chamosite which provide a lowgrade ore.

Another example, the ore seen as poor ore with low iron content in the past can rich the iron composition by todays technology. The iron minerals that are at present used as ores are hematite, magnetite, limonite, and siderite. There is fragmentary knowledge of iron ore sources exploited in the past for. Iron ore smelted in a blast furnace with coke and limestone becomes pig iron, the raw material from which cast iron, wrought iron and steel is made. Mineralogy, processing and environmental sustainability. It almost always consists of iron oxides, the primary forms of which are. Iron ore iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development. The next step in testing, whether it is done at home or in the field while hunting, is to try and peek at the insides. Iron is easily found in the earths crust, but pure iron is not a very useful material because it rusts easily.

More than 700 different types of igneous rocks are known. Furthermore, iron ores are classified in terms of occurrence. Chemical composition data is primarily used for resource evaluation, planning and product quality control. In this lesson, you will learn about this useful metal. In most specimens of this group, the iron content is approximately 90 to 95% with the remainder comprised of nickel and trace elements. India is endowed with fairly abundant resources of iron ore. Metal deposits are mined in a variety of different ways depending on their depth, shape, size, and grade. Bif is a rock type composed of alternating silica and iron rich bands. These rocks are identified by their composition and texture. There are four main types of ironore deposits worked currently, depending on the. Although iron ore concentrates are generally higher in iron grade and contain lower impurities, the finer size distribution of concentrates limits their usage in iron ore sintering.

Komatiiteassociated nickel deposits layered maficultramafic intrusion deposits skarn deposits fractionated granitoidassociated deposits porphyryassociated deposits iron oxide copper gold deposits syndeformational hydrothermal and replacement deposits orogenic gold deposits carbonatehosted stratabound leadzinc deposits. The physical characteristics of these oxides are more valuable than chemical composition. Mineralogy, processing and environmental issues summarizes recent, key research on the characterization of iron ores, including important topics such as beneficiation separation and refining, agglomeration e. Iron and steel introduction to their science, properties, uses. There are also differences in composition cast iron contains 24%. Iron ore mining methods vary by the type of ore being mined. The two most important minerals in these deposits are iron oxides. Ankerite is a carbonate of lime, magnesia, manganese, and iron. Magnetite is the finest iron ore with a very high content of iron up to 70 per cent. The iron content of the pure minerals is as follows.

Until recently, the industrys main sources of iron were the highgrade ores, containing from 55 to 65 per cent iron, which were mined and sent directly to the steel plants. Identify the metal that each mineral ore is a source of by looking at the formula. More directly, relational pricing can exist between iron ore and steel known as the metal spread and iron lump to steel the. You want to grind off with a diamond file a small spot. Originally thought to be similar in origin and composition, the two types of stonyirons are now believed to have formed in very different ways, and are combined in a single group not so much because of their similarity to each other, but rather because they are so different from other meteorites. Ironore resources of the united states including alaska and puerto. Principles of extractive metallurgy, mcgrawhill book company. The most commonly mined type is hematite, particularly in brazil, china and australia, where it makes up 96% of all exports.

The study area kiriburumeghahatuburu iron ore deposit kmiod forms part of. Raw iron, the immediate product of smelting iron ore with coke and limestone in a blast furnace. There are four main types of ironore deposits worked currently, depending on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits. Meteorite identification the meteorite exchange, inc. Microphograph of bif with raft of magnetite mt, in a chert or. Dig a little deeper all living things need minerals. Pig iron has very high carbon content, typically 3. Iron ore is a mineral substance which, when heated in the presence of a reductant, will. Clevelandcliffs and the mining of iron ore, 18472006 great lakes books series reynolds, terry s. Mcqueen crc leme, australian national university, canberra, act 0200 and school of rehs, university of canberra, act 2601.

Pdf ore deposit types and their primary expressions. Japanese swordsmithing is the labourintensive bladesmithing process developed in japan for forging traditionally made bladed weapons nihonto including katana, wakizashi, tanto, yari, naginata, nagamaki, tachi, uchigatana, nodachi, odachi, kodachi, and ya arrow. The chinese iron ore deposits and ore production intechopen. They also use their expertise to fabricate all types of metal objects, repair metal items, and resurface worn machinery parts. The table lists several ores of metals and their chemical formulas.

Sciforum preprints scilit sciprofiles mdpi books encyclopedia mdpi blog. Chapter 4 rocks and minerals oregon state university. Oct 22, 2017 classification of ore deposits slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. They formed from chemical reactions that combined iron and oxygen in marine and fresh waters. This is the temperature range in oc above which the refractory cannot be used. These are magnetite, titanomagnetite, massive hematite and pisolitic ironstone deposits. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Iron with a bit of carbon in it generally less than 1%. Chapter 1 introduction to types and identification of metal. There are four main types of iron ore deposits worked currently, depending on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits.

Iron ore is the raw material used to make pig iron, which is one of the main raw materials used to make steel. Chapter 4 focuses on rocks and minerals, looking at types of rocks. Genesis, uses and environment implications of iron oxides and ores. I t has excellent magnetic qualities, especially valuable in the electrical. To understand and assess the quality of muko ore, the contents of the major elements in this ore were compared with the composition of extracted ores from other nations. Iron is a basic mineral and the most useful of all the metals. Perhaps the biggest driver of all is the profit margin that steelmakers are achieving defined by the price at which they sell their steel minus the costs of their raw materials inputs. Characterization of chemical composition and microstructure. It then describes ore textures, ore classification, and their relationship to physical and metallurgical properties of iron ores.

It has excellent magnetic qualities, especially valuable in the electrical. Introduction of iron ore types and distribution essay 389 words. Minerals free fulltext assessing the quality of iron ores for. Mar 14, 2017 chemical composition data is primarily used for resource evaluation, planning and product quality control. More directly, relational pricing can exist between iron ore and steel known as. The variation in the iron ore mineralogy is caused by the variation in. Thus, we conclude that the industrial iron ore standard can be changed for the regional supply and demand relationship, industrial technology and transportation conditions. Although iron ore concentrates are generally higher in iron grade and contain lower impurities, the finer size distribution of concentrates limits their usage in.

A list to some major types of ore deposits and a link book download. However, this approach fails to account for the significant business impact the textural composition of an ore body can have. Charcoal and anthracite are also used as fuel and reductant. You can use your esrt to find the symbol for each element. Table 1 shows the results of the total chemical analysis of muko iron ore in. Pig iron is produced by smelting or iron ore in blast furnaces or by smelting ilmenite in electric furnaces. The mineral composition of the bayan obo mine is extremely complex. Iron ore is a natural com bination of iron oxides and other materials, such as silicon and phos phorus. Few countries in southern hemisphere are noted for their reserve and production of iron ore.

Iron meteorites are subdivided into classes both by chemical composition and structure. One cone will bends together with the refractory brick. Iron will is a major contribution to the literature on lake superior metalmining and the best new book on the marquette iron range in many decades. Check out all our posters for sale in the education category. Here, together, 16 types of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides have been identified. In iron ore, white gangue minerals include quartz, feldspar, and calcite. Precambrian iron ores of the singhbhumnorth orissa region occur in eastern india as part of the iron ore. Relatively large deposits that are quite close to the surface and somewhat regular in shape are mined using openpit mine methods figure 20. In addition, more iron ore concentrates are being produced due to the increasing need for beneficiation to upgrade lowgrade iron ore resources. The ore itself is a deep, brownish red colour which is where continue reading. The primary difference in production between wrought iron and cast iron is that cast iron is not worked with hammers and tools. It is of valuable composition, carries only 14 or 15% of iron, and is used more for its lime and magnesia as a flux than for its ironcontent. Among the biggest iron ore producing nations are china, brazil, australia, india, russia, and the usa. Structural classes are determined by studying their two component ironnickel alloys.